Three Ni-based alloys (Hastelloy B, Hastelloy C-276, and Monel 400) and 304 stainless steel were investigated experimentally to characterize their mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, hydrophobicity, interface contact resistance, and phase structure, aiming to assess their performance as bipolar plate materials in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. With all four alloys, a unified single-phase face-centered cubic structure is seen, accompanied by substantial strength, excellent ductility, and noteworthy hardness. Hastelloy C-276 stands out with its superior ductility, demonstrating a uniform elongation of 725%, and a top hardness level of 3637 HV. The maximum tensile strength achievable by Hastelloy B is a substantial 9136 MPa. While the hydrophobicity of each of the four alloys is subpar, Monel 400 distinguishes itself with a significantly high water contact angle of 842 degrees. hematology oncology The combination of simulated acidic environment in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (0.05 M H2SO4 + 2 ppm HF, 80°C, H2) results in unsatisfactory corrosion resistance in Hastelloy B, Hastelloy C-276, and 304 stainless steel, coupled with high interfacial contact resistance. While other materials show less resilience, Monel 400 displays exceptional corrosion resistance, a corrosion current density of 59 x 10-7 A cm-2, and a low interface contact resistance of 72 m cm2 under a load of 140 N/cm2. Considering all performance metrics, Monel 400 demonstrates superior performance as an uncoated material for bipolar plates in proton exchange membrane fuel cells, compared with typical Ni-based alloys.
This study examines how the adoption of intellectual property impacts the income of smallholder maize farmers in Nigeria, seeking to surpass the common mean impact assessment of agricultural programs. Employing a conditional instrumental variable quantile treatment effects (IV-QTE) strategy, the study sought to mitigate selection bias stemming from both observed and unobserved factors. Empirical evidence from the outcomes clearly shows how the utilization of IPs impacts the revenue distribution of maize producers. The adoption of intellectual property (IP) strategies has a more profound effect on the lower and slightly above-average segments of the farming household income distribution, which demonstrably benefits impoverished households. These findings emphasize the necessity of strategically disseminating improved agricultural technologies to enhance maize revenue for smallholder farmers in Nigeria. Two instrumental policy tools, agricultural research information and extension services, are essential for achieving the successful adoption and diffusion of any agricultural initiative, avoiding favoritism toward specific groups.
Six Siluriformes fish species—Auchenipterichthys longimanus, Ageneiosus ucayalensis, Hypophthalmus marginatus, Baryancistrus xanthellus, Panaqolus tankei, and Peckoltia oligospila—found in the Amazon basin, were assessed for the morphology and morphometry of their follicular complex layers encircling mature oocytes. The follicular complex's layer morphology and thickness served as the basis for dividing the species into two groups: group 1 containing A. longimanus, A. Ucayalensis, and H. marginatus, and group 2 including B. xanthellus, P. tankei, and P. oligospila. For all species within each group, there was a difference in the total thickness of the layers that constituted the follicular complex between type III and type IV oocytes. A statistical analysis was conducted on the observed differences in the theca layer, follicular cells, and zona pellucida between species and between different groupings. In terms of morphology, group 1 exhibited columnar follicular cells and a slender zona radiata. Additionally, group 2 exhibited a thicker zona radiata comprised of a layer of cuboidal follicular cells. The differences between groups, particularly group 1's independent migration without parental care and their abundance of smaller eggs, could be indicative of distinct environmental and reproductive strategies. Inhabiting lotic environments, the loricariidae fish of group 2 exhibit parental care and deposit relatively large, yet fewer, eggs. Consequently, the follicular complex present within mature oocytes enables an understanding of the species' reproductive strategies.
Industrial processing's environmental sustainability is a cornerstone of sustainable development. Environmental damage is a hallmark of the leather industry due to its significant pollution. It is possible that green engineering will bring about a paradigm shift in this industry. In the upstream stages of leather processing, plant-based goatskins curing, a pioneering green technology, actively promotes pollution reduction through prevention. The successful and rapid monitoring of this technology's efficiency is vital for its broad application. functional symbiosis To assess the efficiency of this technology, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy was utilized in a study involving the Polygonum hydropiper plant. Applying chemometrics to spectral data, the study elucidated how preservative treatments impact the collagen chemistry of goatskins. Goat-skin specimens treated with 10% plant-paste and 5% NaCl, 10% plant-paste and 10% NaCl, and 15% plant-paste and 5% NaCl were examined by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy on days 0, 10, and 30 following preservation. The spectral fitting (R² = 0.99) for amide I and II collagen peptide bands in the studied goat skins displayed a 273 to 133 times increased structural suitability relative to the control group. The 15% paste plus 5% salt-rubbed goatskin collagen matrix interacted significantly (approximately 50%) with P. hydropiper after 30 days of curing, as determined by principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. The interaction remained superficial, occurring before the opening of the collagen fibers To summarize, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, incorporating chemometrics, demonstrates effectiveness in evaluating the efficiency of goatskin curing and comprehensively understanding its effects on collagen chemistry expeditiously.
This study seeks to augment the Fama-French three-factor model by incorporating human capital as a supplementary factor. Our research utilized data obtained from 164 non-financial companies for the period of July 2010 to June 2020. Employing the two-pass time series regression, as detailed by Fama-Macbeth (1973), we analyze the validity and applicability of our human capital-based four-factor model. Our analysis indicates that small companies exhibit better returns than large companies, value companies outperform growth companies, and companies with lower labor incomes perform better than those with higher labor incomes. The human capital-driven expansion of the four-factor model proves both valid and suitable for application in the Pakistani equity market. The empirical evidence compels the academic community and all investors to acknowledge and value human capital in investment decisions.
Sub-Saharan Africa has witnessed a reduction in maternal mortality and an increase in facility-based births, thanks to the initiatives of community health workers (CHWs) in maternal health programs. Real-time machine learning predictive models, enabled by the recent implementation of mobile devices in these programs, can help identify women most at risk of home births. Although it is feasible for manipulated data to be inputted into the model to produce a targeted prediction, this is recognized as an adversarial attack. The present paper is dedicated to assessing the algorithm's exposure to adversarial assaults.
The dataset used in this study stems from the.
In Zanzibar, the Safer Deliveries program, spanning the years 2016 to 2019, made considerable progress. The prediction model was built upon the foundation of LASSO regularized logistic regression techniques. We implemented One-At-a-Time (OAT) adversarial attacks, analyzing four categories of input variables: binary home electricity access, categorical prior delivery locations, ordinal educational levels, and continuous gestational age. We scrutinized the percentage of predicted classifications subject to modification via these adversarial processes.
Fine-tuning the input variables resulted in divergent prediction outcomes. Delivery location history showed the most vulnerability, as 5565% of predicted classifications changed when adversarial attacks aimed at home deliveries were substituted for facility deliveries, and 3763% of predicted classifications shifted when adversarial attacks targeting facility deliveries were switched to home deliveries.
The algorithm's susceptibility to adversarial attacks in facility-based delivery predictions is the subject of this paper's analysis. Programs can implement data monitoring systems to evaluate and prevent adversarial manipulations, understanding their influence. The fidelity of algorithm deployment ensures that Community Health Workers (CHWs) concentrate on women whose risk of home births is significantly high.
Adversarial attacks on an algorithm for facility-based delivery prediction are the focus of this paper's investigation. Camostat inhibitor In order to address the consequences of adversarial assaults, programs can put in place data surveillance approaches to find and prevent these alterations. Accurate algorithm implementation is crucial for community health workers (CHWs) to identify women with a high probability of delivering at home.
Scientific research on ovarian neoplasms affecting identical twin individuals is restricted in scope. Past clinical data repeatedly demonstrated the presence of ovarian teratomas in both twin individuals. We present a first-time case of twin siblings diagnosed with ovarian mucinous cystadenoma and a contralateral serous cystadenofibroma.
Abdominal distention afflicted one patient; subsequent computed tomography demonstrated an ovarian mucinous cystadenoma. The laparoscopy uncovered a supplementary ovarian mass situated in the ovary on the opposite side. Histopathological findings indicated a mucinous cystadenoma of the ovary, concurrently with a contralateral serous cystadenofibroma. Although exhibiting no symptoms, the twin sister opted for a gynecological screening.